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　　能为人们的日常生活带来方便一次性纸餐具深受人们的喜爱使用量在逐年增加快餐店用量非常多虽然这类产物的价值低廉但仍需保证产物质量的稳定其优劣也直接与人们息息相关因此，质量状况备受人们的关注

　　Disposable paper tableware, which can bring convenience to people's daily lives, is deeply loved by people and its usage is increasing year by year. Although the value of these products is low, the stability of product quality still needs to be ensured. Therefore, the quality status is closely related to people's attention

　　产    品    概    述

　　Product Overview

　　一次性纸餐具是以纸为基材，表面覆盖有石蜡、聚乙烯涂层等，用于食品包装或盛装冷热饮料和冷热食品的容器，纸餐具按加工原料可分为纸板纸餐具、纸浆模塑纸餐具、淋膜纸餐具。

　　Disposable paper tableware is made of paper as the substrate, covered with paraffin, polyethylene coating, etc. on the surface, used for food packaging or containers for storing hot and cold beverages and food. Paper tableware can be divided into cardboard tableware, pulp molded paper tableware, and coated paper tableware according to the processing materials.

　　质    量    要    求

　　Quality requirements

　　一次性纸餐具应用广泛，国家对于该类产物的质量安全一直保持高度重视，将这类产物纳入生产许可证发证产物目录。对于一次性纸餐具的质量安全一般关注物理安全和卫生安全、绿色环保叁个方面，总结为以下几点：1.物理质量安全要求：

　　Disposable paper tableware is widely used, and the country has always attached great importance to the quality and safety of such products, including them in the product catalog for production license issuance. The quality and safety of disposable paper tableware generally focus on three aspects: physical safety, hygiene safety, and green environmental protection. They can be summarized as follows: 1. Physical quality and safety requirements:

　　纸质餐具的制作一般是先模切纸张，然后弯折接合，最后热合成型。由于纸张材质本身具有较好的渗透性能，因此制作餐具对于原料和工艺要求特别严格，控制不当就会出现餐具软塌，或者食物从接缝处渗漏等问题。为了测试纸碗的物理安全，国家标准设计了渗漏、抗压等指标考核纸餐具的使用性能。耐渗漏的具体测试方法是在一次性纸餐具中加入（90±5）℃热水或者油水混合物，以模拟实际食品。加液高度要到餐具口沿下约6尘尘处，然后将餐具放在一块干玻璃板或平板上，静置30尘颈苍观察玻璃（平）板上是否有渗漏的水或油印，无渗、漏才算合格。

　　The production of paper tableware usually involves first die-cutting the paper, then bending and joining it, and finally heat sealing it into shape. Due to the good permeability of paper material itself, the production of tableware requires particularly strict requirements for raw materials and processes. Improper control can lead to problems such as tableware softening or food leakage from seams. In order to test the physical safety of paper bowls, national standards have designed indicators such as leakage and pressure resistance to assess the performance of paper tableware. The specific testing method for leak resistance is to add (90 ± 5) ℃ hot water or oil-water mixture to disposable paper tableware to simulate actual food. The liquid should be added to a height of about 6mm below the edge of the tableware mouth, and then the tableware should be placed on a dry glass or flat plate. Let it stand for 30 minutes to observe whether there is any water or oil leakage on the glass (flat) plate. Only when there is no leakage or oil mark can it be considered qualified.

　　一次性纸餐具在盛装食物时要有一定的硬度，才能在使用中不变形坍塌。为了测试纸餐盒抵御外力作用的能力，标准设计了抗压强度的指标，通过在样品上下不断增加压力的方式测试产物最终被压溃的力值。这种测试能很好的反映产物的力学性能。

　　Disposable paper tableware needs to have a certain degree of hardness when storing food in order to not deform or collapse during use. In order to test the ability of paper lunch boxes to resist external forces, the standard has designed a compressive strength index, which tests the final crushing force of the product by continuously increasing the pressure on the sample. This type of test can effectively reflect the mechanical properties of the product.

　　2.卫生质量安全要求：

　　2. Requirements for hygiene quality and safety:

　　最新的国家标准要求一次性纸餐具测试总迁移量、重金属（以铅计）、高锰酸钾消耗量等常规理化指标，还要求控制荧光性物质、重金属铅、砷含量。这些测试项目统称为卫生安全性能。测试的目的是模拟一次性餐具在不同温度、时间里接触各类饮料、食物过程中是否会有有害物质析出到食品中危害人体健康。为了保证一次性纸餐具卫生安全，国家出台了一系列强制性标准，除了常规指标，还规定了餐具生产公司的卫生安全要求、生产中允许使用的原材料要求，并对生产公司实行许可制度，以保证这类产物不会危害人体健康。另外一次性纸餐具公司还需要在产物包装上标注相关法规及标准的符合性声明，生产者和（或）经销商的名称、地址和联系方式，生产日期和保质期等内容，以保证产物一旦有质量安全问题可以被快速溯源。

　　The latest national standards require testing of conventional physical and chemical indicators such as total migration, heavy metals (calculated as lead), and potassium permanganate consumption for disposable paper tableware. They also require control of fluorescent substances, heavy metal lead, and arsenic content. These testing items are collectively referred to as hygiene and safety performance. The purpose of the test is to simulate whether harmful substances will precipitate into food during the process of disposable tableware coming into contact with various beverages and foods at different temperatures and times, which may harm human health. In order to ensure the hygiene and safety of disposable paper tableware, the country has issued a series of mandatory standards. In addition to conventional indicators, they also stipulate the hygiene and safety requirements for tableware production enterprises, the requirements for raw materials allowed to be used in production, and implement a licensing system for production enterprises to ensure that such products will not harm human health. In addition, disposable paper tableware companies also need to label compliance statements with relevant regulations and standards on product packaging, including the name, address, and contact information of the producer and/or distributor, production date, and shelf life, to ensure that any quality and safety issues with the product can be quickly traced.

　　3.绿色环保要求：      近年来随着“互联网+餐饮服务”迅猛发展，一次性餐具在外卖外带领域的使用量也不断提升，这也引起了对于环境污染的担忧。2020年1月19日，国家发展改革委、生态环境部公布《对于进一步加强纸污染治理的意见》，要求2020年底，禁止生产和销售一次性发泡纸餐具，地级以上城市建成区、景区景点的餐饮堂食服务，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具；2022年底，县城建成区、景区景点餐饮堂食服务，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具；到2025年，地级以上城市餐饮外卖领域不可降解一次性塑料餐具消耗强度下降30%。      《意见》提出，在餐饮外卖领域推广使用符合性能和食品安全要求的秸秆覆膜餐具等生物基产物、可降解纸袋等替代产物。这一规定为一次性纸餐具的环保发展提供了更好的契机。近些年还出现了甘蔗渣餐具，纸浆模塑餐具等新产物，这些纤维素材质的餐具出现将为解决环保问题提供有力支持。

　　3. Green environmental requirements: In recent years, with the rapid development of "Internet plus catering services", the use of disposable tableware in the takeaway field has also been increasing, which has also caused concern about environmental pollution. On January 19, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Control of Paper Pollution", which requires that by the end of 2020, the production and sale of disposable foam paper tableware, catering services in urban built-up areas and scenic spots at or above the prefecture level, and the use of non degradable disposable plastic tableware should be prohibited; By the end of 2022, the use of non degradable disposable plastic tableware will be prohibited for dining services in the built-up areas and scenic spots of county towns; By 2025, the consumption intensity of non degradable disposable plastic tableware in the food delivery industry in cities at or above the prefecture level will decrease by 30%. The Opinion proposes to promote the use of bio based products such as straw coated tableware and biodegradable paper bags that meet performance and food safety requirements in the field of food delivery. This regulation provides a better opportunity for the environmental development of disposable paper tableware. In recent years, new products such as sugarcane bagasse tableware and pulp molded tableware have emerged, and the emergence of these cellulose material tableware will provide strong support for solving environmental problems.

　　选  购  小  贴  士一次性纸餐具产物在日常生活中使用越来越广泛，我们建议消费者在使用和选购此类产物时要注意以下几点：1.首先要到正规的大卖场或品牌店，最好购买知名品牌的产物，在挑选时要尽可能的选择印刷少、外观朴素、手感硬挺的产物。2.产物各类许可证书、质量检测报告等是否齐全。3.产物售前至售后各项服务是否到位。

　　Tips for Choosing Disposable Paper Tableware Products: Disposable paper tableware products are becoming more and more widely used in daily life. We recommend that consumers pay attention to the following points when using and purchasing such products: 1. First, go to a regular large retail store or brand store, and it is best to purchase products from well-known brands. When choosing, try to choose products with less printing, simple appearance, and strong texture. 2. Are all types of product licenses, quality inspection reports, etc. complete. 3. Whether the pre-sales and after-sales services of the product are in place.

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